Anatomy and Physiology

Human Anatomy and Physiology explained in simple bite sized chuncks. Click on the links below.

	The Skeleton & Bones The human skeleton - Learn the bones of the human skeleton. The spine - Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum and Coccyx. Types of bones - Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones. Structure of a bone - Diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis.... Types of joint - Hinge joint, pivot joint, ball and socket, saddle.... Terms of movement - Sagittal plane, transverse plane..... flexion and extension.

	Muscles Major muscles of the human body - pictures, actions, insertions... Types of muscle - Smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. Structure of skeletal muscle - explained with diagrams. Fibre types - Slow twitch, fast twitch muscle fibres. Shapes of skeletal muscle - Pennate, fusiforn, circular.... Types of muscle contractions - Istokinetic, isotonice, isometric... Sliding filament theory - The science of muscle contraction. Motor units and nerves - How a nerve makes a muscle move.

	Energy Systems & Physiology Energy systems introduction - aerobic, annaerobic, krebs cycle... Response to exercise - human bodies response to regular exercise. Oxygen debt and recovery - Lactic acid explained. The digestive system - Human digestive system explained. Short term effects of exercise - Circulatory system, respiratory system and muscles. Long term effects of exercise - Circulatory system, respiratory system and muscles.

	The Heart & Lungs Circulatory system - the heart and blood vessels explained. Blood flow & blood pressure - How blood flow and pressure changes. Blood composition - Explains what our blood is made up of. The Heart - Anatomy of the heart. The Heart Beat - Science of the heart beat. Cardiac Volumes - Technical terms for blood flow in the heart. Arteries - carry blood out of the heart. Capillaries - tiny blood vessels. Veins - Carry blood back to the heart. Respiratory system (lungs etc) - Breathing and the lungs. The mechanics of breathing - How the lungs work. Respiratory volumes - Technical terms for lung function. Gaseous exchange in the lungs - How oxygen gets into the blood. VO2 Max - VO2 Max explained.