Synovial joint structure is basically the same for all freely moveable joints in the human body. It comprises ligaments, cartilage, membranes, and bursae. The definition of a joint is where two bones meet. Synovial joints are freely moveable joints, for example, the shoulder, hip, and knee. They are made up of the following: Ligaments Ligaments
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The standardisation of the rules of tennis is the responsibility of the ITF. Broadly speaking it is a very simple game to get to grips with. Here is a very basic beginners guide to the rules to help you get started: The Basics Tennis is played either 1v1 (singles) or 2v2 (doubles). The teams will be
Somatotypes describe how we have a genetic physical predisposition to certain body shapes, fat to muscle ratio and stature. As a result, we require different training and nutritional demands. The three different body types are ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph. But what exactly do these terms mean? And how does it affect athletic performance and training goals?
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Here we explain heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, and how they change during physical exercise. Heart rate definition Heart rate is the number of times your heart beats during a set time. We usually measure heart rate as the number of beats in one minute or bpm. Heart rate during exercise During exercise heart
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Gaseous exchange refers to the process of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide moving between the lungs and blood. Here we explain how the structure of the Alveoli and blood vessels in the lungs facilitates this. Alveoli structure Air passes into the lungs via bronchi, bronchioles, and then into Alveoli. These are individual hollow cavities contained within
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Fluid mechanics or fluid dynamics come into the sport a lot and covers air resistance, drag, projectiles, spin on balls, and the Bernoulli principle and lift force. Spin Spin is created by applying a force that is off-centre to the object being thrown (or kicked) at the point of release. The effects of spin are
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Angular motion includes rotating bodies, levers, stability, a moment of force/torque, the axis of rotation, a moment of inertia, and angular momentum. Lever Systems A lever is a rigid bar that moves on a fixed point called the fulcrum when a force is applied to it. Movement is made possible in the human body by
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Linear motion simply means motion in a straight line (as opposed to circular motion or rotation). In order to talk about linear motion scientifically, we need to be familiar with mass, distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Here we explain Newton’s laws of motion, mass, inertia, momentum, speed, velocity, distance, displacement, and graphs of motion.
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Blood functions include transportation of nutrients around the body, maintaining homeostasis, and the immune system. Blood comprises plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Function of blood The following are the functions of blood: Transportation Blood carries other substances around the body inside Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries. These include gasses (Oxygen and Carbon
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The following soccer drills are specifically aimed at improving goalkeeping skills and goalkeeper training. The goalkeeper is often overlooked in training sessions and setting up some specific goalkeeping drills will build confidence and help the goalkeeper feel valued. Catching and Throwing Players cross the ball high from different angles and the keeper must catch and
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