The action of breathing in and out is due to changes in pressure within the chest (thorax). This action is also known as external respiration and is created by the muscles of the chest and the diaphragm changing the size of the chest cavity (and air pressure). Here we explain the mechanics of breathing and […]
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The function of the human respiratory system is to transport air into the lungs and facilitate the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream. It also receives waste Carbon Dioxide from the blood and exhales it. Here we explain the anatomy of the airways and how oxygen gets into the blood. The respiratory system organs are
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The Human Skeleton is divided into two parts, the axial skeleton which is the central core of the body, and the appendicular skeleton which forms the extremities of the arms and legs. Bones of the Axial Skeleton The Axial Skeleton is the central core of the human body housing and protecting its vital organs. It
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The rate and distribution of blood flow through the circulatory system are variable and related to several factors including physical activity, cardiac output (the amount of blood pumped out of the heart), and venous return, or the blood returning to the heart through the veins. What is blood pressure? Blood pressure (BP) is defined as
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The three main types of muscle contraction during exercise are isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic. Also, we further categorise them into concentric and eccentric depending on whether the muscle shortens or lengthens when contracting. Isotonic muscle contractions Isotonic muscle contraction types are those where the muscle changes length as it contracts. The load or resistance remains
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Skeletal muscle structure is the same regardless of its shape or location. Here we explain the terms you need to know to understand the structure of skeletal muscle. The structure of skeletal muscle In very simple terms, each muscle comprises bundles of muscles fibres which are made of bundles of myofibrils. Myofibrils divide along their
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The human skull contains 22 bones. The cranium makes up most of the skill and comprises 8 bones. The other 14 form the lower front of the skull including the facial bones. Bones of the Cranium The anatomy of the skull comprises the Cranium and Facial bones. The following make up the Cranium: Frontal bone
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Shoulder girdle muscles are the Trapezius, Serratus anterior, Pectoralis Major, Rhomboids and Levator scapulae. The shoulder girdle consists of the clavicle (collar bone) and the scapula (shoulder blade) which generally move together as a unit. Only the clavicle connects directly to the rest of the skeleton at the sternum bone. It is really only the
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There are 5 types of bones in the human body. These are long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones. Here we outline different types of bones in the human body. Long Bones Long bones are some of the longest bones in the body, such as the Femur, Humerus, and Tibia but are
A joint is a point where two or more bones meet. The three main types of joints are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. Fibrous Joints Fibrous or ‘synarthrodial’ joints are fixed or immoveable joints. Ligaments hold the bones together. They have no or virtually no movement, for example, teeth in their bony sockets, the radioulnar joint
